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Showing posts with label IELTS. Show all posts
Showing posts with label IELTS. Show all posts

Sunday, February 5, 2017

Scientists and the news media are presenting ever more evidence of climate change.


Scientists and the news media are presenting ever more evidence of climate change. Governments cannot be expected to solve this problem. It is the responsibility of individuals to change their lifestyle to prevent further damage.

What are your views?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Recently scientists worried about climate change have urged governments to introduce measures to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions that are seen as its main cause. Simoultaneouslty, politicians and environmentalists have urged individuals to make changes to their lifestyle. I shall argue that governments and individuals should take join responsibility for this problem.

Firstly, industry accounts for a large proportion of the greenhouse gas emissions, and this can only be controlled by government action. Measures could be taken to discourage pollution, such as limiting or taxing the use of fossil fuels. Alternatively, subsidies could be offered to industries to clean up their production processes. If these ideas were adopted, I believe that businesses would regard pollution as a financial issue.

Secondly, only discussion between governments can ensure that solutions are successful. The Kyoto agreement, for example, tried to reach global agreement on how to address the problem. Without such co-operating, it seems to me that efforts to reduce fuel consumption are unlikely to be effective.

However, national and international policies will only secceed if individuals also change their lifestyle. For example, people could think more carefully about how they use energy in their homes. By using less electricity, installing energy-efficient light bulbs and electrical appliances, or investing in solar panels, individuals can make a real difference.

In addition, I think individual attitudes to transport need to change. Instead of making short tips by car, people could choose to walk, cycle, or take a bus. Since cars are a major source of the problem, changing our behaviour in this area would have a major impact.

In conclusion, I would maintain that only a combination of international agreement, national policies, and changes in individual behaviour will succeed in preventing further damage to the environment.

Wednesday, December 24, 2008

We are becoming increasingly dependent on computers


We are becoming increasingly dependent on computers. They are used in businesses, hospitals, crime detection and even to fly planes.
What things will they be used for in the future? Is this dependence on computers a good thing or should we he more auspicious of their benefits?
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Ans:
Computers are a relatively new invention. The first computers were built fifty years ago and it is only in the last thirty or so years that their influence has affected our everyday life. Personal computers were introduced as recently as the early eighties. In this short time they have made a tremendous impact on our lives. We are now so dependent on computers that it is hard to imagine what things would be like today without them. You have only got to go into a bank when their main computer is broken to appreciate the chaos that would occur if computers were suddenly removed world-wide.

In the future computers will be used to create bigger and even more sophisticated computers. The prospects for this are quite alarming. They will be so complex that no individual could hope to understand how they work. They will bring a lot of benefits but they will also increase the potential for unimaginable chaos. They will, for example, be able to fly planes and they will be able to co ordinate the movements of several planes in the vicinity of an airport. Providing all the computers are working correctly nothing can go wrong. If one small program fails disaster.

There is a certain inevitability that technology will progress and become increasingly complex. We should, however, ensure that we are still in a position where we are able to control technology. It will be all too easy to suddenly discover that technology is controlling us. By then it might be too late I believe that it is very important to be suspicious of the benefits that computers will bring and to make sure that we never become totally dependent on a completely technological world.

Should parents be obliged to immunise their children against childhood diseases?


Should parents be obliged to immunise their children against childhood diseases?
Or do individuals have the right to choose not to immunise their children?

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The issue of whether we should force parents to immunise their children against common diseases is, in my opinion, a social rather than a medical question. Since we are free to choose what we expose our bodies to in the way of food, drink, or religion for that matter, why should the question of medical 'treatment' be any different?

Medical researchers and governments are primarily interested in overall statistics and trends and in money-saving schemes which fail to take into consideration the individual's concerns and rights. While immunisation against diseases such as tetanus and whooping cough may be effective, little information is released about the harmful effects of vaccinations which can sometimes result in stunted growth or even death.

The body is designed to resist disease and to create its own natural immunity through contact with that disease. So when children are given artificial immunity, we create a vulnerable society which is entirely dependent on immunisation. In the event that mass immunisation programmes were to cease, the society as a whole would be more at risk than ever before.

In addition there is the issue of the rights of the individual. As members of a society, why should we be obliged to subject our children to this potentially harmful practice? Some people may also be against immunisation on religious grounds and their needs must also be considered.

For these reasons I feel strongly that immunisation programmes should not be obligatory and that the individual should have the right to choose whether or not to participate.

Should parents be obliged to immunise their children against childhood diseases?


Should parents be obliged to immunise their children against childhood diseases?
Or do individuals have the right to choose not to immunise their children?

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Preventative medicine has proved to be the most effective way of reducing the incidence of fatal childhood diseases. As a result of the widespread practice of immunising young children in our society, many lives have been saved and the diseases have been reduced to almost zero.

In previous centuries children died from ordinary illnesses such as influenza and tuberculosis and because few people had immunity, the diseases spread easily. Diseases such as dysentery were the result of poor hygiene but these have long been eradicated since the arrival of good sanitation and clean water. Nobody would suggest that we should reverse this good practice now because dysentery has been wiped out.

Serious diseases such as polio and smallpox have also been eradicated through national immunisation programmes. In consequence, children not immunised are far less at risk in this disease-free society than they would otherwise be. Parents choosing not to immunise are relying on the fact that the diseases have already been eradicated. If the number of parents choosing not to immunise increased, there would be a similar increase in the risk of the diseases returning.

Immunisation is not an issue like seatbelts which affects only the individual. A decision not to immunise will have widespread repercussions for the whole of society and for this reason, I do not believe that individuals have the right to stand aside. In my opinion immunisation should be obligatory.

Disruptive school students have a negative influence on others

Disruptive school students have a negative influence on others. 
Students who are noisy and disobedient should be grouped together and taught separately. Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer.

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One solution is to take these students away and teach them on their own. However, if we simply have them removed after one or two warnings, we are limiting their educational opportunities because it seems to me that a school which caters for difficult students is a sort of "prison" whatever name you give it and the people who go there may never recover from the experience. This can then cause problems for the wider society.

Perhaps we need to look at why the disruptive students behave badly before we separate them. Disruptive students may be very intelligent and find the classes boring because the work is too easy. Perhaps these students need extra lessons rather than separate lessons. Or perhaps the teachers are uninspiring and this results in behavioural problems so we need better teachers. On the other hand, most students put up with this situation rather than cause trouble, and some people argue that we have to learn to suffer bad teachers and boring situations and that students who can't learn this lesson need to be taught separately. 


So before we condemn the students to a special school, we should look at factors such as the teaching, because once the children have been separated, it is very unlikely that they will be brought back.

Although abuse of the system are inevitable, social welfare payments are essential to protect the rights citizens have to a guaranteed minimum income

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"Although abuse of the system are inevitable, social welfare payments are essential to protect the rights citizens have to a guaranteed minimum income in a democratic society"
Discuss.
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Social welfare is an essential element of an advanced society. Good systems are always abused, but that does not mean they are faulty. In my opinion, the two main reasons why welfare payments are necessary are as follows:

First of all, critics forget that there are many forms of welfare besides payments to the unemployed. Their negative opinions harm those who are not capable of earning a wage, such as single-parent mothers, the disabled, and the sick. Moreover, the unemployed have the right to an income, too. They are not always at fault for not having a job, and in most cases the tax they have paid in the past entitles them to assistance.

The second reason is that crime increases when people have no means of support. The desperately poor inevitably turn to crime, which is not only dangerous but costly. Policing the streets is more expensive than providing welfare. A policeman's wage is four or five times higher than a "dole" payment.

Certain members of society believe that people should look after themselves. They point out that welfare increases dependency on others and destroys dignity. This may be true, but in the case of the unemployed, the relief payments are usually temporary. It is surely the fault of the government if there are long-term unemployed. Welfare critics also believe that it is the responsibility of a victim's family to provide financial assistance. However, it is too expensive to provide complete help for a severely disabled person.

To conclude, it is vital to understand the need for welfare in a modern democratic society. Without welfare payments the poor are destined to become poorer. The first duty of a government is to provide a financial safety net for all disadvantaged persons, and that includes those without work.
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Studying the English language in an English-speaking country is the best but not the only way to learn language.

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Studying the English language in an English-speaking country is the best but not the only way to learn language.
Do you agree or disagree with this statement?
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Studying a language in a country where it is widely spoken has many advantages. It is, therefore, a good idea to study English in a country such as Britain. However, I believe it is not the only way to learn the language.

In the first place, most students in non-English-speaking countries learn English at secondary school, and sometimes at university nowadays. Although their spoken English is not usually of a very high standard, their knowledge of grammar is often quite advanced. This is certainly useful when students come to an English-speaking country to perfect the language.

Secondly, studying the basics of English at secondary school is less stressful than learning the language while overseas. This is because students living at home do not have to worry about problems such as finding accommodation, paying for their study and living costs, and trying to survive in a foreign country where day to day living causes much stress.

However, there are obvious advantages of learning English in Britain. Every day there are opportunities to practise listening to and speaking with British people. Also, students can experience the culture firsthand, which is a great help when trying to understand the language. This is especially true if they choose to live with a British family, as exchange students for example. Furthermore, if students attend a language school full-time, the teachers will be native speakers. In this case, not only will students' speaking and listening skills improve, but attention can be given to developing reading and writing skills as well.

In general, even though it is preferable to study English in an English-speaking country, a reasonable level of English can be achieved in one's own country, if a student is gifted and dedicated to study.
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Tuesday, December 2, 2008

Question 66 Business should do anything they can to make a profit

Question 66

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Business should do anything they can to make a profit? Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.


Answer

I disagree with the idea that business should do anything for the companies' profit. Our society can be chaos if all of the companies seek only their profit. It is important they are harmonious even if they compete. I will write two disadvantages that will bring about with companies' only seeking profit.

First, almost all of the companies will be bankrupt. In our society, big companies and small ones coexist. They compete with each other, but they can survive. That is because there are systems both can live. For example, it is decided that only one company can not dominate a field. It is banned in Japan. In the old time, a beer company separated into a few smaller companies. The company had more than 90% of the share. It was so strong that other companies could not made beer. The same situation can occur easily. A company who has the strongest power can dominate the field. Other companies will be bankrupt. We have to make the company's power weaker. It is better for consumers, although it is serious for the company.

Second, people are in trouble by acts of companies. Imagine that all of the companies can do anything for their business. They will try illegal acts. Or they will involve people in trouble. Of course, we can not allow the acts. For example, companies send advertisements to our cell phones. Sometimes, we get more than ten advertisements a day. It is a big problem in Japan. I heard a company which sent advertisements email more than three million a day. The telephone connection was in trouble because of the company. It was serious for both people who got the mail and who wanted to use a cell phone. Now, advertisements from email are regulated. Regardless, there are many advertisements from companies.

As a result, I can not accept the idea that companies can do anything for their business. Many companies and people will be in trouble. Conclusively, I trust our economy will shrink. We should take care to be in harmony with other companies and people.

Question 65 Some movies are serious, designed to make the audience think. Other movies are designed primarily to amuse and entertain.

Question 65

Some movies are serious, designed to make the audience think. Other movies are designed primarily to amuse and entertain. Which type of movies do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.


Answer

I like movies to give fun to audience. I do not see so many movies, but whenever I see, I always choose comedies. They make me happier after I finish seeing them. I will write three reasons why I choose only comedies.

First, I do not like people' death. Generally, serious movies do not make us happy. For example, we feel petty when the leading character dies. A person's death is the easiest way to move audience for the producer. They say that we are moved by the scene. All of the audience will memorize the death as a moving scene. However, I do not like the movies which force to move us by death. I do not want to see people are dying. Rather, I do not need such kind of moving.

Second, I can escape from the reality by comedies. I want to forget the reality while seeing movies. Comedies are a good means. I can laugh, and find myself forgetting severe stress. Whenever I get out the theater, I am refreshed. Then, I can work the next day without feeling much stress. On the other hand, severe movies do not refresh me. After the movies, I get more stress. I am sometimes depressed. It is not good for my health because I can not work without stress the next day.

Finally, I sometimes can not understand the contents when I see serious movies. Severe movies are difficult to understand. The incidents are complex; thus, we have to see twice to understand them. In my opinion, easy stories are better. We do not have to see the same movies many times. Except for movies, I can not show the same examples which are difficult to understand in one time. For example, we do not read novels twice. We do not watch TV dramas twice, neither. Therefore, nothing but movies is so difficult to understand. It is strange that only movies have difficult contents.

To sum up, I like to see entertaining movies. They dispel my stress away. I do not like people are dying, and difficult contents in severe movies. Entertaining movies are better for me if I choose one of them.

Question 64 A conpany is going to give some money either to support the arts or to protect the environment.

Question 64

A conpany is going to give some money either to support the arts or to protect the environment. Which do you think the company should choose? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.


Answer

At the first stage, we should consider which of the arts or the environment are useful. The company knows both do not earn money so much. It should give the money to make our society better. In my opinion, the environment is more serious to our society. That is to say, it will use the money to suppor our life. I will write three reasons why to keep the environment is more useful than the arts.

My primary reason is that to keep the environment needs much money. Governments in the world tackle this problem. However, it is hard to progress to the solution. It can not be solved if only governments perform it. The more important way to solve the problem is that each person tries to keep the environment. By combining the power, our environment will recover. The company can help activities by giving money. The money from the company will be used for all of the creatures in the world.

The next reason is that we need to keep the environment as soon as possible. We have destroyed the environment in four hundred years. Especially, it has been very severe fromsince the 20th century. We have to tackle the problem as soon as possible. Once our globe loses the power to recover, we can not do anything. In some places, the environment was already devastated until the unrecoverable level. The number of the areas will be increase. The money of the company will help stop the destruction.

Another reason is that the arts are only meet our fun. The aim of the arts is to meet our satisfaction. It never help something practically. In fact, even famous paintings can not support our life. TBy the way, the money from the company is from the labor of the workers. It should not be wasted. The money should be used to help something. Considering above, the environment is more helpful in our life.

In sum, the company should use its money to the environment. The money will be used to help all of the living things in the world. We should tackle the problem as soon as possible. However, the arts do not help our life. It is only fun. Therefore, to donate the money to the environment is more effective.

Question 63 One should never judge a person by external appearances.

Question 63

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One should never judge a person by external appearances. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.


Answer

People have their own characteristic. It is not appearance but mentality. Because of that, we can not estimate them by appearance. Three reasons for the statement are described in the following.

First, we can pretend our appearance better. Especially, women have this inclination. They make up before they hung out. Their faces amazingly change. Suppose that we judge a person by external appearances, our judges will change before and after they make up. It is estimated that they finish making up in an hour. It means that the judge also change in the same time. It looks strange. We should doubt the judges because they are easily deceived.

Second, our appearances are genetically determined. It is hard to change our appearances. For example, a person has heavy weight. His family are also heavy. The weight is from his family's heredity. In this case, we can not judge him by appearance, for the weight is not from his indulgence.

Finally, our society influences our appearances. We tend to buy clothes following the latest vogue. As long as we wear a new fashion, nobody care us. However, we sometimes wear clothes out of date. People's judge will change to be worse, although our characters are unchanging. It is doubtful that we have to follow a new fashion. The fashions are spurred by commercial tactics.

From the reasons above, we can not judge a person by external appearances. The judges from appearances are doubtful. We easily misjudge the person. We should consider our mentality to judge more accurately.

Question 62 person should never make an important decision alone.

Question 62

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A person should never make an important decision alone. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.


Answer

In our life, we make a lot of important decisions. It is necessary that we discuss the issues before deciding what to do. Consequently, we will find a good decision. In my opinion, it is important to make a decision by talking with other people. Three reasons are written in this essay to support the statement.

The first reason is that our decisions should be objective. We can not understand issues objectively when we think alone. Subjective decisions are worse than objective ones in many cases. We always want to select the best choice to make a decision. The best way to make an objective decision is to talk with other people. The discussion will lead our decision to a better direction.

The second reason is that experienced people we talk with will have better opinions. Before we decide, we should talk with experienced people. Their decisions are based on their experiences. They will teach us what they did when they had the same issue. The stories will be useful to our decision. Especially, when we are still immature, we can not decide the best way. The luck of experience will be compensated by other people’s thinking.

The final reason is that we should avoid errors in important decisions Of course, to make wrong decision will give us good experience. It is the best teacher for us. However, it is not the same in important decisions. We can not make errors. It is because that our future will change by the wrong decision. To listen to other people's thoughts is necessary to avoid that.

To sum up, we should not make a decision when it is important. If the decision is not serious, we can do alone. However, to talk with other people is helpful in important issues. I trust that it is the best way to make the best decision.

Question 61 most important aspect of a job is the money a person earns.

Question 61

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important aspect of a job is the money a person earns. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.


Answer

Money is important when we find a job; however, it is not the most. The thought means that the job getting more money is prior to other jobs having less money. I can not agree with the thought. I will write three reasons below why I disagree with the statement.

My primary reason is that the jobs a person is not interested in are boring for the person. People have their own interest. The best way to find a job is to visit companies you are interested in. For example, a person wants to work in a music company. However, he can work in another company by his connection. The company is not related to music, but he can earn more money. In this case, it is happy for him to work in the music company, because he wants to work there. We work everyday after we get in a company. We should select a company for the reason.

The next reason is that people get excited without getting so much money. When we succeed something, we are excited. We are also excited when we accomplish something. Money does not help us excited. Generally, people will work hard if they are excited. For example, anthropology does not produce so much money. The anthropologists work hard with a few amount of money. Whenever they get much money, they have to spend it to their study. The money they can use freely does not remain so much.

The final reason is that students study fields which do not produce much money. People go to universities, and they have many majors. Students select a field to graduate. The field relates to their future work as long as they do not change majors. If they want to get money after they graduate, they should select a field which will be successful to earn money. However, many students belong to majors which are not related to money. I trust that they know money is not the most important.

Considering above reasons, money is not the most important for a job. People should work what they are interested in. They also get excited without money. Moreover, students do not prepare for the future job for the aim of earning money. Other elements such as they love the job are also important as well as money.

Question 60 What change would make your hometown more appealing to people your age?

Question 60

What change would make your hometown more appealing to people your age? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.


Answer

A few weeks ago, I met a friend of mine. He was walking with his fiance. He will get married with her in October. Such as the example above, many people of my age are married. It is a good idea to appeal the people who are married. I suggest a plan that our town make facilities for babies. I will write some of the reasons below.

First, when people get married, they will have a baby. A town which has facilities for babies is attractive for couples working together. They are busy, and it is hard to both work and raise the baby. The facilities help them to take care of the baby. Especially, they are helpful for nuclear families. In our social structure, both parents need to work together. They can take a rest for a year when they have a child. However, it is sometimes hard practically. In case of that, the facilities will help them strongly.

Moreover, our town will be active when many couples move there. People of my age are 20s. They actively work in their business. Our town needs the power of young generations. The power will attract other people, too. For example, older generations will be stimulated. They try to work such as younger generations. Idealistically, both help each other. As the first step, to make baby facilities is useful.

Finally, we hand over our town to the babies in the future. They will grow up, then work and get married. For the future of our town, the babies are valuable. Our society needs to make up the town for them. Yet babies can not do anything by themselves. They have to depend on the parents. If the parents need help, our town should help them. The baby facilities can be one of the helps.

As a result, to make facilities for babies will appeal to my generation. Many of them want to work even if they have a child. When it is hard, our society should help them. As written above, there are advantages. The facilities will help our town itself.

Question 59 success in life comes from taking risks or chances

Question 59

Some people believe that success in life comes from taking risks or chances. Others believe that success results from careful planning. In your opinion, what does success come from? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.


Answer

We want to succeed in our life, but not all of us can do that. Therefore, people analyze why successful business person could succeed. There are differences between them and unsuccessful people. In my opinion, careful planning is inevitable to succeed in our life. We plan that we skirt risks, search a lot of information and analyze rivals' business.

First, to skirt risks is important for our success. Business follows risks when we try to earn much money. It is said that high returns come from high risks. The relationship is connecting each other. For our strategy, we should calculate the risks in order not to fail. Only one failure will give us huge damage. It is sometimes devastating. To avoid the damage, we need to plan strictly. As long as the plan is excellent, we will succeed andor at least we will skirt damages.

Second, to consider the best way needs careful planning. It is hard to find out the best way. We investigate and get information for the purpose of the success. Without the search, we can not decide what is the best way. We might perform the worst way without considering it the worst. Yet, if we know what is the worst way, we can throw it away it. We can plan more successful way. Statistically, the proportion to succeed will be higher.

Finally, to analyze rivals' business is important. We compete with other brainy people. To succeed means to win them. Of course, how our rivals work influences to our business. We can get information from our search. However, it is not enough. The ability to analyze it is necessary. We expect how they will try to work. These investigations will help that Wwe can plan our business dominately.

To sum up, planning is important to succeed. We gather information and analyze it to know the best way. To skirt risks is also important for our business. We must not depend on our fortune.

Question 58 Some people like to do only what they already do well. Other people prefer to try new things and take risks.

Question 58

Some people like to do only what they already do well. Other people prefer to try new things and take risks. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.


Answer

To try new things and take risks is valuable because people should not forget to challenge in their life. However, I like to do only what I can do well. Rather, I want to increase my skills more. It is also profitable in our life. I will write some of the reasons as following.

First, people have limited time in their life. Our life looks long, but is short practically. We can accomplish only one thing. Rather, it is enough if we can do that. A person who succeeds in a field is laudable. We should remember it is hard to complete a field. We do not have so much time to do. I want to dedicate to complete a field in my whole life.

Second, the ability to learn new things is lower when people get older. As you know, it is easy to learn new things for youngsters. They can absorb new knowledge and skills quickly. The ability is remarkable for adults. Yet I am not so young to obtain new things. I can not skill up what I want to do if I perform many things. When the level is higher, it is more difficult to be more sophisticated. We are required to be more concentrated to the field.

Thirdly, it is hard to skill up in only one field. Every field has its own history, and many people struggled in the history. One person can not complete everything in the history. For example, I like to play chess. I do not want to play other games. If I were a specialist of chess, I would not care to play other games. However, it is hard to be a specialist. This is the reason I want to play it rather than other games.

To sum up, I prefer to do what I can already do well. I want to use my limited time to increase to skill up. The ability of new things is not so high in my age, and to skill up in one field is difficult. To be a specialist is attractive for me.

Question 57 Face-to-face communication is better than other types of communication

Question 57

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Face-to-face communication is better than other types of communication. such as letters, e-mail, or telephone calls. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.


Answer

Face-to-face communication is a good medium to tell our feeling to the others. We can know much more information from not only their voices but also their faces. However, personally, I do not think face-to-face communication is always the best. Other communication ways have their own advantages. I will write them in every way as follows.

To begin with, letters are sometimes better. When we get letters from people we are familiar with, we feel happy. For that reason, I try to send letters whenever I travel overseas. I am also fun when I write the letters at the time. I imagine the people' faces who will get the letters. We do not imagine the opposite's face in face-to-face communication because we can see his or her face directly. Of course, letters have a disadvantage. Some of the letters do not reach Japan because letter systems are loose in countries. Yet, we do not have to care that. We need to be magnificent when we write a letter abroad. Happenings will amplify our travel more excitingly.

Moreover, e-mail is also apparently better in a situation. A friend of mine went to New York to study. He was studying physics as a PhDs student in Japan. He sometimes visited there because it had a big acceleration. One day, he needed to talk with his boss. He tried to talk to tell his plan with face-to-face communication, but the boss did not understand what he said. The boss said that he should write e-mail right now. They talked each other with e-mail at the same room. In this case, e-mail is better than face-to-face communication. They could exchange their thoughts with only e-mail.

Lastly, I will write why people use telephone call. It is also supreme to face-to-face communication in a situation. Some people talk for many hours with telephone call, athough they can talk directly. For example, a person has a friend, and they are neighborhood. They can see each other in a few minutes. Face-to-face communication looks better because they live closely, but they select to call. I guess the reason that they do not like to move every time they talk. Probably, it is burdensome to get out at night. To talk with telephone line is easier, and they are satisfied without face-to-face communication.

To sum up, face-to-face communication is not always the best. We should consider other media's advantages. They have developed with the reasons they are needed. Nobody would use the ways if face-to-face communication was the best.